How to Congratulate Someone on a Holiday

ChatGPT Image Dec 18, 2025, 12 00 16 PM

Level: Intermediate (A2–B1+)
Goal: Learn how Russians congratulate others and express wishes in formal and informal situations.

PART 1. HOW TO CONGRATULATE

In Russian, congratulations are built with the verb поздравлЯть/ поздрАвить. This verbs is used with two government forms: КОГО/Acc. (for a person) + С ЧЕМ/ Instr. (for a holiday/ occasion)

1️⃣ Congratulating ON THE DAY of HOLIDAY OR VERY CLOSE TO IT: Short form

📌 Pattern:
с + чем (the name of the holiday/ occasion in Instr. case with a preposition C.): C праздником!

  • Танечка, с РождествОм!
  • С Новым годом, Андрей Николаевич!
  • С днём рождЕния, доченька!
  • С завершением проекта, дорогие коллеги!

📌 When to use:

  • In spoken Russian – in most occasions
  • In written Russian – in informal and neutral style in the cards/ emails/ text messages to the family, friends, colleagues.

2️⃣ Congratulating ON THE DAY of HOLIDAY OR VERY CLOSE TO IT: Full form

📌 Pattern:
Поздравляю + (кого?) + с + (чем?)

  • Уважаемая Анна Сергеевна! Сердечно поздравляю Вас с Рождеством!
  • Дорогие наши Леночка и Дима! Поздравляем вас с Новым годом!
  • Родная моя бабушка! Поздравляю тебя с днём рождения!

📌 When to use:

  • In written form (in cards, in emails)
  • In spoken Russian – in toasts and other formal greetings

When to use ‘Вас’, ‘вас’ и ‘тебя’

FormMeaningWhen to use
Вас (capital В)Very formal – for one personin written official letters, and to not very familiar or very respected recipients
васNeutral polite – for one person. Any style – for two or more people. plural for colleagues, clients, teachers
тебяInformal – for one person Friends, family, peers

3️⃣ Congratulating BEFORE SOME HOLIDAYS

📌 Pattern:
C наступАющим (+ holiday in Instr.) With upcoming X

To congratulate someone in advance, Russians say:

  • С наступающим Рождеством!
  • С наступающим Новым годом!

Expanded versions:

  • С наступающим Рождеством Вас, Игорь Максимович!
  • С наступающим вас Новым годом, друзья!
  • С наступающим Рождеством тебя, дорогой!

Shorter versions:

  • С наступающим!

📌 When to use:

  • Very natural in everyday speech
  • Common mostly for Christmas and New Year.

PART 2. HOW TO EXPRESS WISHES

After congratulations, Russians usually add wishes. There are three main patterns.

A) Wishes with the verb ЖЕЛАЮ (most complete and polite)

📌 Pattern:
Желаю КОМУ/Dat. (for a person ) + ЧЕГО/ Gen. (for a wish)

  • Желаю Вам здоровья, радости и счастья!
  • Желаю вам успехов и благополучия!
  • Желаю тебе всего-всего!

📌 When to use

  • This form is common in written communication: in cards, emails, more formal messages
  • in spoken speech; in formal and semi-formal occasions (toasts, official speeches)

B) Wishes WITHOUT a verb (concise & common)

📌 Pattern:
ЧЕГО/ Gen. (for a wish) + КОМУ/ Dat. (for a person)

  • Крепкого Вам здоровья и всего самого наилучшего!
  • Хорошего вам года, финасовой стабильности и мира в семье!
  • Счастья тебе и удачи!

📌 When to use:

✔ In spoken Russian – in most occasions, sounds confident and native
✔ Frequently used in official congratulations


C) Wishes with 3rd-person Imperative with ПУСТЬ

This form focuses on what should happen.

📌 Pattern:
Пусть + verb in a 3d person form

  • Пусть в вашей жизни будет много радости и счастья!
  • Пусть этот год принесёт вам успех и новые возможности!
  • Пусть у тебя всё получится!

📌 When to use

  • In written Russian in neutral and informal style – in cards, emails. Rare in official communication.
  • In spoken Russian – common in toasts and spoken congratulations.

SUMMARY

С + holiday → short, neutral and informal
Поздравляю Вас/вас/тебя с… → neutral and formal, complete
С наступающим… → before some holidays (mostly Christmas, New Year)
Желаю… → polite, structured wishes
Здоровья вам → concise, informal and neutral style
Пусть… → emotional, expressive wishes

ChatGPT Image Dec 18, 2025, 12 04 34 PM

LET’S PRACTICE!

✏️ EXERCISE 1. Choose the correct form

Choose Вас / вас / тебя.

  1. Уважаемая Ирина Максимовна! Поздравляю ________ с наступающим Новым годом! (email to a government office)
  2. С Рождеством ________, Лен! (friend)
  3. Желаю _______ здоровья и счастья! (colleagues)

Answers:

  1. Вас
  2. вас
  3. тебя

✏️ EXERCISE 2. Build a wish

Make a sentence using желаю.

Model:
Желаю вам здоровья.

  1. (ты / счастье, радость)
  2. (Вы / успехи, благополучие)

✅ Answers:

  • Желаю тебе счастья и радости.
  • Желаю Вам успехов и благополучия.

✏️ EXERCISE 3. Rewrite in a more “official” style

Model:
Счастья тебе! → Здоровья Вам и счастья!

  1. Пусть у тебя всё будет хорошо!
  2. С Рождеством!

✍️ Sample answers:

  • Пусть в вашей жизни будет всё хорошо.
  • Поздравляю Вас с Рождеством!

🗣️ SPEAKING TASK

Write three Christmas cards:

  1. Formal (institution, client)
  2. Neutral (colleague)
  3. Informal (friend)

Each card must include:
✔ 1 congratulation
✔ 1 wish (different structure each time)

NEXT STEP

If you’d like to go deeper into how Russians really talk about holidays — what holidays they celebrate and how they do it and talk about them, and which words and expressions are actually used in real life —our textbook METRO: Conversational Russian. Book 6: Holidays is the perfect next step.

In this book, you’ll learn authentic holiday vocabulary, natural phrases, and cultural nuances that textbooks usually skip, so you can speak about holidays confidently and sound genuinely Russian.

Full Book Cover Mockup (1) Copy

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